Focus Groups

Combine both interviewing and participant observation. A focus group is not a discussion, problem-solving, or decision-making group. However, focus groups do capitalize on group dynamics to generate data and insights that would be unlikely to emerge otherwise (Frechtling, 2010).

are used to explore a topic in depth, though with a small group as opposed to one-on-one

A method of data collection that values interpersonal contact and assumes participant perspectives are meaningful, knowable, and can be made explicit (Frechtling, 2010).

. This allows for group discussion, more reactions, and a way to explore common complaints or misunderstandings. This method can also be time intensive, though they can be another great way to get to know your participants and

Can be geographically based (neighborhoods, towns, cities, etc.) or based on interest, identity, culture, belief, profession, etc. In environmental education community is often thought of as a system of systems including both natural, social, and economic systems (NAAEE, 2017).

. When creating your focus group protocol or guide, give careful consideration to how cultural relevance is included. The PDF linked above provides more guidance on creating and implementing your own

Combine both interviewing and participant observation. A focus group is not a discussion, problem-solving, or decision-making group. However, focus groups do capitalize on group dynamics to generate data and insights that would be unlikely to emerge otherwise (Frechtling, 2010).

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